1. Black death, a mass epidemic in 1348, was caused by
2. Potato blight, a disease of plants was caused by which fungus?
3. Which scientist coined the term ‘cell’ to describe the basic unit of life?
4. The major contributions of Louis Pasteur to the field of microbiology does NOT include
5. Who is known as father of immunology?
6. This area of interest doesn’t concern a food microbiologist
7. The intrinsic factor responsible for microbial growth in food is
8. The main sources of microorganisms in food includes
9. A disease caused by the consumption of contaminated foodsis known as
10. The organisms living in soil create a community called
11. Which virus out of the following is having double stranded DNA?
12.
Which organism is transmitted indirectly, through contaminated water especially in brakish coastal waters?
13.
During infection by a pathogen, portals of entry in human do not include
14. Toxic shock syndrome is cause by which organism
15. Which out of the following organisms causes gas gangrene?
16. Low-power, high-dry, and oil immersion are all types of
17. Which microscopic techniques is best suited for observation of living unstained microorganisms?
18. The Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Frits Zernike in 1953 for discovery of
19. Dichroic mirror and excitation filter are parts of which microscope
20. Light microscope can provide a maximum resolution of
21. Oil immersion (wet mount) is used with objective of
22. In wet mount oil is put between
23. Hanging drop method is used for
24. Which type of slide is used for hanging drop method?
25. Using oil immersion causes numerical aperture to
26. Preparing smear and fixing of a sample for staining will keep them alive for longer time
27. Which is an example of negative stain?
28. Counter stain used in Gram staining is usually
29. Mycobacterium spp. is
30. Schaeffer-Fulton Is a method of
31. The arrangement of organisms into groups or taxa is called
32. In the name of a microorganism Escherichia coli, “coli” represents?
33. Who first used Latin for naming organisms?
34. Who is known as ‘Father of Taxonomy’?
35. Who gave the five kingdom classification system?
36. Which of the following is not a strain differentiating method?
37. Which method analyzes the cells suspended in a liquid medium by light, electrical conductivity, or fluorescence?
38. What is the term given to the first strain isolated or best characterized?
39. What is a serovar?
40. Phenotypic (phenetic) classification means
41. Convergent evolution produces
42. What is homology?
43. Which of the following is not a way to determine similarity of the DNA (or RNA) of organisms?
44. Numerical taxonomy was first developed by
45. Who was the first person to see microorganisms in microscope?
46. What is transcription?
47. The words monomorphic and pleomorphic are related to which characteristic of bacteria?
48. Division of cocci shaped bacteria in one plain (in chain) leads to the formation of which type of arrangement?
49. Which of the following shape is more resistant to drying?
50. Mycoplasma is devoid of which of the following part of the cell?
51. Which type of bonding is present in between N-acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl glucose amine of bacterial cell wall?
52. Which enzyme digest beta 1, 4 glycosidic bonds between NAG and NAM?
53. Which of the following amino acid is found only in cell walls of bacteria?
54. Which one of the following is not a constituent of teichoic acid?
55. Protein synthesis, DNA and RNA synthesis, and energy transfer occurs in
56. Prokaryotic cell mainly consists of
57. The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell contains
58. Glycogen is a polymer of repeating units of
59. Inclusion body present in endospores-forming bacilli
60. Bacterial spore were discovered in
61. Spore resistance is due to
62. Toxin used for the production of BotoxorDysport
63. Biological indicator used for wet heat sterilization procedure
64. Cohn, Koch and Tyndall independently discovered the
65. Which of the following statement is not true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
66. On which of the following structure proteins are made?
67. Which of the following structure does not have a double layered membrane?
68. Histones are associated with which of the following cell component?
69. Which of the following statement is correct for ribosomes?
70. Which of the following is the most preferred method of cell division in prokaryotes?
71. The bacterial cell division is controlled by a collection of proteins known as
72. In which of the following stage of mitosis, the chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles and nuclear envelope reforms with development of nucleolus?
73. The process which reduces the number of chromosomes by half so as to maintain the ploidy of parents on fertilization is known as
74. In which of the following growth stage, the cells do not divide but acclimatize to the new conditions by synthesizing the necessary machinery required for cell division?
75. Which one is not a method for measurement of bacterial cell mass
76. Scattering of light by bacteria is directly proportionalto
77. Direct microscopic count (DMC) will give
78. Which machine is used for electronicenumeration of cells
79. Membrane filter count should be suitable for which type of sample
80. Chemoheterotrophs are the organisms which
81. Nitrogen is needed by bacteria for the synthesis of
82. Fastidious organisms have
83. Based on nutritional requirement, lactic acid bacteria can be included in
84. Which one is a selective media
85. Temperature affects microbial growth as
86. At optimum temperature enzymatic activity is
87. Thermophiles and hyperthermophiles are common human pathogens
88. In which type of organisms molecular oxygen serves as terminal electron acceptors?
89. Microaerophiles usually requires
90. The term bactericidal refers to which of the following
91. Destruction of all microorganisms in and on an object is known as
92. Which of the following factors affect the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment
93. What is the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations
94. Heat labile liquids are sterilized by
95. The mode of action of halogens are
96. The mode of action of gaseous sterilant are
97. Which of the following chemical exert their antimicrobial action through oligodynamic effect:
98. What is the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations
99. Which compound out of the following is more effective against molds
100. What is the process of duplication of chromosomes is called?
101. Which of the two cellular organelles of eukaryotic organisms have their own genetic material and thus are self replicative?
102. DNA is made up of which of the following nitrogenous bases?
103. According to Chargaff's rules, ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases in DNA should be
104. What is a nucleotide molecule made up of?
105. Unwinding of DNA strands during replication starts at region rich in
106. Which of the following enzyme is involved in unwinding of DNA strands during replication?
107. The DNA strand which is made up continuously is called as
108. Which of the following enzyme is responsible for elongation of DNA strands during replication in eukaryotes?
109. In the lagging strand, the enzyme which removes the RNA primers is known as
110. Which of the following type of mutation is inheritable?
111. Which of the following mean can be used to induce mutations?
112. Point mutations occur due to which of the following event?
113. The most common type of alkylating agents include
114. Mutation in which a new base changes the codon into one of the stop codons and thus causes premature termination of translation is known as
115. Process of uptake of naked DNA by the recipient cell is known as
116. Transformation was discovered by the scientist
117. Bacteria under the growth stage in which they can take up naked DNA from environment, are known as
118. The process in which cell to cell contact is required for DNA transfer is known as
119. Which of the following scientist conducted the U tube experiment to prove that physical contact of the cells is necessary for gene transfer in conjugation?
120. Which of the two following scientist discovered the technique for making recombinant DNA
121. Apiece of DNA that is self replicative and acts as a carrier of foreign DNA to the host cell is known as
122. A vector can be used to introduce and express foreign DNA in which of the following type of cells
123. Which of the following type of products are now available as recombinant products?
124. An organism which contains an artificially inserted foreign piece of DNA is known as
125. What happens with the microbial population with increase in the soil depth?
126. Which type microorganisms are more numerous in soil?
127. Which type of soil has relatively more population of microorganisms?
128. Which of the statement is not true for Zymogenous bacterial population in soil?
129. Conversion of ammonia to nitrites and then nitrites to nitrates is known as?
130. Which one of the following is not a function of humus?
131. What is the characteristic feature of top soil?
132. Which type of microorganisms produce methane in soil?
133. Which one of the following statement did not describe the necessity of atmospheric nitrogen fixation?
134. Which one of the following is not involved in the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation?
135. Which of the following is an unnatural source of airborne bacteria?
136. Which of the following factors influence the ability of a bioaerosol to survive in air?
137. What is the average size range of bioaerosols?
138. Which system of human body is most susceptible to airborne infection?
139. Which of the following is a causal agent of foot-and-mouth disease?
140. Which unit is used for the measurement of viable bacterial numbers?
141. Which type of microorganisms can grow only in living cells?
142. Settling plate technique is an example of which way of air sampling?
143. Which method has the disadvantage of reduction in the microbial viability because of the shock of a sudden collision with nutrient agar?
144. Plaques are formed by:
145. How much percentage of earth surface is covered with water?
146. What is name given to microscopic algae passively floating in water?
147. Which one of the following is not an abiotic factor?
148. Which one of the following statement is correct?
149. Which one of the following does not represents a lotic water ecosystem?
150. This is not a group of photosynthesiszing bacteria
151. This is not hydrogen bacteria:
152. Allochthonous bacteria include
153. This is not a water fungi
154. This genera is capable of binding atmospheric nitrogen in structures called heterocysts
155. This is not the methods of waste water treatment?
156. This is not the type of biofilters used for waste water treatment?
157. The amount of oxygen required to ensure proper active sludge formation is
158. One of following genera donot take take part in active sludge formation
159. The amount of oxygen used up in any specified time by water microorganisms is called